• Início
  
• Programa
  
• Ementas
  
• Palestrantes
  
• Inscrições
  
• Como chegar
  
• Hospedagem e alimentação
  
• Contato
  

Ementas dos cursos

Curso 1 - Seismic investigations of Earth’s interior
Dr. Jeroen Ritsema (University of Michigan, USA)

For more than a century, seismology has been a central scientific tool for mapping planetary interiors. In this contribution to the Special Courses of Geophysics, I will summarize key historical milestones in seismology and introduce two modern approaches used to image Earth’s interior.

First, seismic tomography provides estimates of three-dimensional variations in seismic structure from time or phase shifts of body waves, surface waves, and free oscillations. Global tomography has illuminated links among geology, plate tectonics, and the flow of heat and material throughout the mantle. I will highlight both the power and the pitfalls of seismic tomography, with particular emphasis on the interpretation of tomographic models.

Second, receiver-function and precursor imaging provide estimates of the depths and seismic contrasts of mineral phase transitions in response to temperature and compositional variations. I will focus on mineral phase transitions in the mantle transition zone, or MTZ, near depths of 410 km and 660 km — the so-called “410” and “660” discontinuities. These phase transitions can act as thermometers of the mantle. In relatively cool mantle, the 410 is shallower and the 660 is deeper, making the MTZ wider than the global average of approximately 250 km. Conversely, in relatively warm mantle, the 410 is deeper and the 660 is shallower, resulting in a narrower MTZ. I will review how wave reflections and refractions from the 410 and 660 discontinuities have revealed global- and regional-scale topography of these boundaries.

The lectures will cover theoretical background as well as examples from the literature. Participants will use SubMachine to explore tomographic imaging results and the TauP Toolkit to experiment with body-wave travel times and ray paths in Earth. Ideally, participants should install the TauP Toolkit and GMT6 in advance.

Resources:


SubMachine: https://orfeus-eu.org/submachine/index.php
TauP

Toolkit: https://taup.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html


GMT6: https://www.generic-mapping-tools.org/

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Curso 2 - Imaging the Electrical Architecture of the Lithosphere with Magnetotellurics: New Insights into Tectonics, Magmatism, and Georesources
Dr. Alexander Grayver (University of Cologne, Germany)

Magnetotellurics (MT) is a widely used passive electromagnetic method to study the subsurface. The method has traditionally been applied at local and regional scales. The last two decades have marked the deployment of continental-scale MT arrays that enable the study of the 3-D electrical conductivity of an entire continent’s lithosphere. This short course builds on the basics of the method, covers the practical aspects of MT data quality and processing, and explores the large-scale inversions and their implications for integrated models of the subsurface. 

We begin with the fundamentals of MT, the underlying physical variables (electric and magnetic fields) and properties (electrical conductivity). We will see how electrical conductivity can be linked to key subsurface parameters, including temperature, composition, volatiles, and melt. The data processing section discusses MT transfer-function estimation and the challenges posed by source effects and low signal-to-noise ratio. The second part turns to the inverse problem. We highlight the multiscale approaches that enable the inversion of broadband MT data across thousands of stations and that allow sparse continental arrays to be combined with denser regional and local surveys in a single, consistent
model. 

Using recent inversion models from the United States (USArray), Australia (AusLAMP), and central Mongolia, we examine how conductivity anomalies correlate with cratonic margins, tectonic boundaries, magmatism and volatiles. We show how these models can inform studies of mineral systems, heat flow, and geothermal targets, and outline the possibilities for integrated multi-physics interpretations.

Hands-on sessions will cover and use real data, inversion workflows, and interpretation strategies, with a short discussion of using AI tools responsibly in EM/MT geophysics.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Curso 3 - Magnetic Signals, Healthy Systems: Linking Geophysics and the Environment
Dr. Joshua Feinberg (University of Minnesota, USA)

How can the magnetic properties of minerals reveal the "health" of our environment? This intensive short course explores the intersection of Environmental Magnetism and Geophysics, providing participants with the tools to decode magnetic signals archived in soils, sediments, and the atmosphere.

The course begins with the fundamental principles of rock magnetism, establishing a baseline understanding of magnetic mineralogy and the complex, grain-size dependent behaviors that allow minerals to act as natural data loggers. Then, we will transition into the diagnostic power of these minerals in the modern world. We will examine how magnetic iron oxides serve as sensitive proxies for biomonitoring and anthropogenic impact, specifically looking at how magnetic parameters can map urban pollution pathways and industrial waste with precision.

Beyond the modern landscape, the course explores the temporal dimension of these signals through paleoclimate reconstructions. By deciphering magnetic signatures stored in loess, marine, and lacustrine, and speleothem records we can look back at Earth’s history to better predict its future. Ultimately, the course culminates in a vision for "Healthy Systems," demonstrating how these geophysical datasets are not just academic exercises, but essential components for developing robust environmental management and policy frameworks.

Through guided lectures and case-study analysis at the Observatório Nacional, researchers and students will learn to translate microscopic magnetic measurements into a macroscopic understanding of our natural world.